Ch.1+notes

=**Chapter One **=

Classroom Management in Perspective
__**Learning Objectives:**__

The student will · document the reasons why teachers are concerned about student behavior · document the need for effective classroom management. · list the school variables that impact student behavior and learning · list historical trends in classroom management · compare and contrast effective classroom management theories · list author’s basic assumptions about effective classroom management · synthesize factors that influence teachers’ decisions regarding classroom management


 * __Extent of the Problem__**

· __Nonfatal crimes decreased 62% 2007 from previous six years.__ · Threats have remained the same (8% of school pop reported being threatened). · 25% of high school students report that drugs were made available to them.
 * Discipline and violence rated most serious problem facing American public schools.
 * Lack of financial support and discipline most serious problem facing today’s schools. (Delta Kappa-Gallop Poll, 2008)
 * · Fighting/violence/gangs cited as 4th most concern (Rose & Gallop, 2008)

__· 2007 Indicator o School Crime and Safety report__ o 18% principals/teachers report disrespect o 9% report verbal abuse o 2% report widespread classroom disorder o 8% secondary and 4% elementary report physical attack -student/Bullying

· __National Institute of Child Health and Human Development report__ o 1 in 5 fifth-tenth graders report they bully classmates · National Center for Educational Statistics indicate: o 28% of students report being bullied in the past 6 months o 53% have been bullied once or twice in a 6 month period o 25% said they were bullied once or twice a month o 11% reported being bullied once or twice a week o 8% report they are bullied daily o 79% report being bullied on school grounds · Older students report less bullying. · Gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender students are bullied the most

__What does this mean?__ · physical and psychological violence at any level is never acceptable. __Teacher’s Concerns__ · Number one cause of transferring schools or leaving profession · New teachers cite classroom management as major concern · Blame poor pre-service training for management problems.

__Influence of Social Factors__ · Divorce, single-parent households · Poverty · Racism

__Five Development Deficits:__ · drinking parties · being at home alone · being a victim of violence · over exposure to television · physical abuse

__School Factors that influence positive behavior__ · Goals · Clear rules and procedures · Ethic of caring climate

Classroom Management A Changing Perspective
__Three Approaches__ · Humanistic · Problem Solving · Teacher-Student Relationships

__Humanistic Approach__ Focused on · understanding students’ problems and helping them better understand themselves and work cooperatively with adults to develop productive behaviors

Problem Solving Approach · Glasser o Need caring professionals who help students take responsibility for their behavior and develop plans to alter behavior · Dreikurs o Believed behaviors have goals: Attention, Fear of failure, Power-Struggles and Revenge · Mendler o Discipline with Dignity: What do I do when? How do I do it with Dignity · Fay and Funk: o Teaching with Love and Logic

Teacher-Student Relationships · Data-based analysis of the relationships · teacher expectations impact student performance

Teachers’ Organizational Management Skills- VARIOUS APPROACHES/METHODS
· __Kounin’s Discipline and Group Management in Classrooms - HUMANIST__ o There was no difference between how ineffective and effective teachers responded to disruptive students o Found that effective classroom teachers PREVENTED disruptive student behavior · Classroom Organization and Effectiveness Teaching Project o success was based on the first several weeks of school o clear instruction on desirable classroom behavior and reteaching behaviors not yet mastered. · Instructional Skills o ITIP (Instructional Theory Into Practice § develop clear instructional goals, provide direct instruction, monitor student progress o Cooperative learning o Learning Styles

__Behavioristic Methods__ · Ignore inappropriate behavior · reinforce appropriate behavior · write contracts for recalcitrant students · use time-out procedures when necessary

__Positive Behavior Support__ This approach emphasizes · defining, teaching and reinforcing socially acceptable school behavior · providing small-group/individualized instruction when needed · developing functional behavioral assessment · creating family, school and community partnerships

__Comprehensive Classroom Management__ · Based on research and theory · Establishes positive peer and student-teacher relationships · Uses instructional methods that facilitates optional learning · Involves using wide-range of methods to correct inappropriate behavior

Teacher Skills - (SKILLS WE WILL ADDRESS IN FUTURE CHAPTERS)
__Helping students evaluate and correct unproductive behavior__ · Developing individual behavior change plans (Chapter 10) · Using problem-solving methods (Chapter 9) __Enhancing students’ motivation and success__ · Employing teaching methods that motivate students by responding to learning needs (Chapter 7) __Creating a safe and supportive learning community__ · Developing behavior norms and implementing methods that maximize on-task student behavior (chapter 6) · Working with parents/caregivers (Chapter 5) · Creating positive peer-relationships (Chapter 4) · Establishing positive teacher-student relationships (Chapter 3) __Building a solid theoretical foundation__ · Understanding students personal needs (Chapter 2) · Understanding classroom management (Chapter 1)

Author’s Basic Assumptions:
__Classroom management is:__ · creating a safe and comfortable learning environment · connected to effective instruction · fostering a sense of ownership by the student · working collaboratively with the students to develop new behavioral skills · thinking about how your own values and beliefs color how you view your students · thoughtful planning and a focus on professional growth.

__Factors Influencing Classroom Management Decisions__

Teachers’ View of Discipline Fall into Three Categories 1. Traditional: teacher as authority figure 2. Liberal Progressive: Teacher apply democratic principles 3. Social Critical: Inappropriate behavior is response to failure of meeting needs

__PERSONAL Beliefs Regarding the Goals of Schooling EFFECT PERSONAL CLASSROOM STYLE MANAGEMENT__

· What are my long-term goals for my students? · How do I want their lives to be impacted by what I teacher them? · What academic skills do I believe my students need to be productive citizens · What skills other than academic do they

The author posits additional possibilties for classroom management consideration // __Student Cultural Backgrounds__ // //__Cultural Responsive Classrooms__ //
 * 20% of children ages 5-17 speak language other than English at home (2006)
 * Must take students’ culture into consideration
 * Discrepancy between how different cultures response to discipline can have negative impact on the relationship between the teacher and the child
 * recognize one’s own ethnocentric biases
 * have knowledge of students’ cultural backgrounds
 * understand social, cultural and political context of our educational system
 * use appropriate classroom management strategies
 * build a caring classroom community